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Surface Mining (Strip, Open Pit, Mountain top Removal) is used when coal is near the surface. Soil and rock overlying the deposit are removed to retrieve the deposit. Deep mining (underground) drills tunnels into the earth for extraction.
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In strip mining, instead of creating one large pit in the ground, long narrow strips are dug out. The overburden is removed and piled up along the strip. ... Extraction and Processing of Minerals ...
Using steam extraction means that nine-tenths of the land above a reservoir can be left intact. ... whereas strip mining is only economical for deposits less than 70 metres or so from the surface ...
After coal extraction, the topsoil is replaced so that the area can be reused for croplands, wildlife habitats, recreation or offices. Underground mining is another method of coal extraction that involves extracting coal that is buried several hundred feet below the surface.
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.
extraction methods. OPEN PIT MINING Open Pit Mining Open pit mines involve digging large open holes in the ground as opposed to a small shaft in hard rock mining. This method of mining is most often used with minerals like copper and molybdenum Open pit coal mining has been popular in Europe, but is used on a more limited
Nov 02, 2011· Topic 5: Mining Methods-Part I-Surface mining 1. Topic 5: Mining Methods Part I-Surface mining Hassan Z. Harraz hharraz2006@yahoo 2010- 2011 Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in Power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course .
appropriate mining method is selected based on technical, economic, and environmentally accountable considerations. The first step in selecting the most appropriate mining method is to compare the economic efficiency of extraction of the deposit by surface and underground mining methods . This section reviews surface mining methods and ...
What is Mining? The extraction of valuable mineral from the Earth with economical value and safety is termed as MINING. Types of Mining 1. Underground Mining- Underground mining can be defined as, "the extraction of valuable mineral/ore from Earth...
As opposed to underground mining in which the overlying rock and soil are left primarily intact and tunnels are dug, surface mining involves removing the top soil, called the overburden, in order to recover the minerals. The three most common types of surface mining are open-pit mining, strip mining.
The common tungsten extraction methods are surface (or open pit) mining and sub-surface (or underground) mining, or a combination of both. Modern tungsten processing methods dissolve scheelite and wolframite concentrates by an alkaline pressure digestion, and tungsten can also be recycled from Scrap.
Methods of extraction. Coal extraction methods vary depending on whether the mine is an underground mine or a surface (also called open cast) mine. Additionally coal seam thickness and geology are factors in selection of a mining method. The most economical method of coal extraction for surface mines is the electric shovel or drag line.
There are four main mining methods: underground, open surface (pit), placer, and in-situ mining. Underground mines are more expensive and are often used to reach deeper deposits. Surface mines are typically used for more shallow and less valuable deposits. Placer mining is used to sift out valuable metals from sediments in river channels, beach sands, or other environments. In-situ mining ...
Open-pit mining methods are applicable to mining ore deposits that apex at or near the surface. If the deposit apexes below the surface, the overburden and barren capping overlying the ore must be removed in advance of open-pit mining. The removal of this material is known as stripping.
Sep 15, 2019· Surface mining can be defined as," the extraction of valuable mineral/ore from the Earth in which mineral/ore is situated in shallow depth" Classification of Surface Mining Methods- 1.
This helps in reducing the ecological damage on the site. This method is suitable for sites where the overlying rock can be easily removed, and is very common for coal and lignite (brown variety of coal) extraction. Strip mining requires some of the largest equipment ever built, such as bucket-wheel and dragline excavators.
three main methods of extraction. surface mining, underground mining, and in situ leaching. surface mining. type of mining in which the soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (overburden) is removed and stored (spoiled bank) 5 forms of surface mining. 1)strip mining 2) open pit mining 3)mountaintop removal mining 4) dredging
Strip mining is one of the most eco- ... nature of extraction operations and detail the methods to be used in closure and restoration. Read More Chapter 2: The Environmental Effects of Strip Mining - .
Mining Methods. There are four key stages of work involved in mining for minerals. These include: 3415, 3416 Prospecting – The purpose of this stage is to identify areas that are likely to contain mineral deposits. The work includes geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys (e.g. seismic surveying), aerial surveys, including the taking of samples by low-impact mechanical methods.
Mar 14, 2014· The most predominant surface mining methods used for mining of iron ores are open pit mining methods and open cut mining methods. However a few underground iron ore mines are also in operation around the globe. The decision for employing surface mining or underground mining is dependent on the proximity of the ore body to the surface.
coal mining methods, ... mountaintop re moval or strip) mining methods. Open cast coal ... This type of mining involves the extraction of rock or minerals from the earth by forming an open pit.
Chapter 2: The Environmental Effects of Strip Mining ... The final method of surface coal extraction to be described here is aptly called mountaintop removal. Using this technique, operators remove entire mountaintops to reach the coal seam lying underneath it.
SURFACE MINING ≠ STRIP MINING: Although sometimes mistakenly referred to as strip mining, oil sands is actually mined from an open-pit below several meters of overburden.Strip mining is the mining of a relatively flat deposit very close to the surface, commonly used in coal or phosphate industries.
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